Timezone Engineering: IANA Database, DST Gaps and Folds, and the 'Offset ≠ Timezone' Principle
A technical deep-dive into timezone engineering covering the IANA/Olson timezone database architecture (Continent/City naming, transition rules, tzdata releases), why 'timezone is not an offset' is the most critical principle, DST gap and fold semantics with concrete wall-clock examples, modern APIs (JavaScript Temporal, Python zoneinfo, Go time.Location), common production bugs (storing local times, using abbreviations, assuming integer offsets), and the political nature of timezone changes.